The Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB) plays a central role in resolving residential tenancy disputes in Ontario. Equally important, many parties come to the LTB expecting outcomes that are outside the Board’s legal authority.
Understanding what the LTB can and cannot do helps landlords and tenants focus on the issues that matter and avoid unrealistic expectations.
What the LTB Can Do
The LTB has authority under the Residential Tenancies Act (RTA) to decide specific housing-related disputes.
✔ Decide Applications Under the RTA
The LTB can hear and decide applications such as:
- Non-payment of rent
- Termination of tenancy
- Maintenance and repair issues
- Illegal rent increases
- Interference with reasonable enjoyment
- Compensation claims permitted under the RTA
✔ Order Evictions (With Conditions)
The LTB can issue eviction orders, but:
- Evictions are not automatic
- Evictions are not immediate
- Only the Sheriff can physically enforce an eviction
The LTB may delay or set conditions on an eviction where permitted by law.
✔ Order Monetary Compensation (Within Limits)
The Board can order payment of:
- Rent arrears
- Abatements of rent
- Compensation required by statute
- Certain out-of-pocket expenses allowed under the RTA
These orders are legally binding.
✔ Review Evidence and Make Findings of Fact
The LTB can:
- Admit or exclude evidence
- Assess credibility
- Decide which version of events is more reliable
Decisions are based on evidence, not assumptions or fairness alone.
✔ Facilitate Mediation and Settlements
The LTB may offer mediation to help parties resolve disputes without a full hearing.
If an agreement is reached, it can be turned into a binding Board order.
What the LTB Cannot Do
Just as important as what the LTB can do is what it cannot do.
❌ Enforce Its Own Orders
The LTB does not enforce orders.
For example:
- Evictions must be enforced by the Sheriff
- Monetary orders often require enforcement through Small Claims Court
❌ Provide Legal Advice
The LTB cannot:
- Tell parties what strategy to use
- Draft applications or notices
- Advise on whether a case is strong or weak
Members must remain neutral.
❌ Decide Matters Outside the RTA
The LTB does not have jurisdiction over:
- Criminal matters
- Human rights claims
- Family law disputes
- Contract disputes unrelated to a residential tenancy
Some issues may need to be addressed in other forums.
❌ Punish or Fine Parties for Behaviour Alone
The LTB does not impose fines simply because someone acted unfairly or badly.
Any remedy must be:
- Authorized by the RTA
- Requested in an application
- Supported by evidence
❌ Act on Informal Complaints or Emails
The LTB cannot act unless:
- A proper application is filed
- The required fee is paid
- The other party is given notice
Informal complaints or phone calls do not trigger action.
Common Misunderstandings
- The LTB does not “take sides”
- The LTB cannot fix issues without an application
- The LTB cannot override the law based on sympathy alone
Outcomes depend on jurisdiction, evidence, and compliance with the RTA.
Final Thoughts
The Landlord and Tenant Board is a decision-making body with limited legal authority. Understanding those limits helps both landlords and tenants navigate the process more effectively.
Knowing what the LTB can and cannot do allows parties to focus on realistic outcomes, prepare proper evidence, and avoid unnecessary frustration.
If you are unsure whether the LTB has authority over your issue, getting guidance early can save time and prevent misdirected applications.